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PiggyBac誘導(dǎo)型基因表達(dá)載體結(jié)合了載體家高效的PiggyBac載體系統(tǒng)和Tet-On基因誘導(dǎo)表達(dá)系統(tǒng),幫助您在宿主基因組上永久整合可使用四環(huán)素誘導(dǎo)表達(dá)的GOI表達(dá)盒。
Tet-On基因誘導(dǎo)表達(dá)載體系統(tǒng)是在哺乳動(dòng)物細(xì)胞中進(jìn)行實(shí)時(shí)GOI表達(dá)的強(qiáng)大工具。我們的Tet-On基因誘導(dǎo)表達(dá)載體系統(tǒng)在無(wú)四環(huán)素及其類(lèi)似物(多西環(huán)素)的情況下可以做到GOI幾近完全沉默并且在加入四環(huán)素及其類(lèi)似物(多西環(huán)素)的情況下快速響應(yīng)實(shí)現(xiàn)GOI表達(dá)。這是通過(guò)tTS和rtTA蛋白響應(yīng)四環(huán)素及其類(lèi)似物(多西環(huán)素)的基因調(diào)控功能實(shí)現(xiàn)的。當(dāng)不存在四環(huán)素及其類(lèi)似物(多西環(huán)素)的情況下,目的基因幾乎或完全沉默;當(dāng)往體系中添加四環(huán)素或其他類(lèi)似物(多西環(huán)素)時(shí),目的基因得到快速高水平表達(dá)。四環(huán)素不存在的情況下時(shí),衍生于TeR(Tet抑制蛋白)和KRAB-AB(Kid-1蛋白轉(zhuǎn)錄抑制結(jié)構(gòu)域)的融合蛋白tTS結(jié)合TRE啟動(dòng)子,導(dǎo)致基因轉(zhuǎn)錄抑制。另一方面,四環(huán)素存在時(shí),衍生于突變型Ter抑制蛋白和VP16蛋白(轉(zhuǎn)錄激活結(jié)構(gòu)域)的融合蛋白rtTA結(jié)合TRE啟動(dòng)子,激活基因轉(zhuǎn)錄。
PiggyBac系統(tǒng)包含兩個(gè)組分,一個(gè)組分為PBase轉(zhuǎn)座酶(通常為表達(dá)PBase的IVT mRNA);另一個(gè)組分被稱(chēng)為轉(zhuǎn)座子質(zhì)粒,包含兩個(gè)末端重復(fù)序列(TR)以及兩者之間的被轉(zhuǎn)座區(qū)域,需要被轉(zhuǎn)座到宿主基因組中的目的基因就克隆在這個(gè)區(qū)域。
當(dāng)表達(dá)PBase的IVT mRNA和轉(zhuǎn)座子質(zhì)粒共轉(zhuǎn)染靶細(xì)胞時(shí),PBase IVT mRNA產(chǎn)生的轉(zhuǎn)座酶將會(huì)識(shí)別轉(zhuǎn)座子的兩個(gè)TR元件,然后將被轉(zhuǎn)座區(qū)和兩個(gè)TR元件插入到宿主基因組中。轉(zhuǎn)座插入通常發(fā)生在包含TTAA序列的宿主染色體位點(diǎn),并在轉(zhuǎn)座子兩側(cè)出現(xiàn)TTAA重復(fù)序列。
PiggyBac屬于II類(lèi)轉(zhuǎn)座子,通過(guò)“剪切—粘貼”的機(jī)制移動(dòng),從一個(gè)地方轉(zhuǎn)座到另一個(gè)地方,而不留下序列本身(恰好相反,I類(lèi)轉(zhuǎn)座子是通過(guò)“復(fù)制—粘貼”的方式移動(dòng))。由于輔助質(zhì)粒是通過(guò)瞬時(shí)轉(zhuǎn)染進(jìn)入宿主細(xì)胞的,故會(huì)逐漸丟失。隨著輔助質(zhì)粒的丟失,轉(zhuǎn)座子在宿主基因組中變成了永久整合。當(dāng)這些宿主細(xì)胞再次被輔助質(zhì)粒轉(zhuǎn)染,整合的轉(zhuǎn)座子會(huì)再次通過(guò)“剪切—粘貼”的機(jī)制移動(dòng)。
關(guān)于PiggyBac基因表達(dá)載體系統(tǒng)的更多信息,請(qǐng)參考以下文獻(xiàn)。
參考文獻(xiàn) | 主題 |
---|---|
Mol Cell Biochem. 354:301 (2011) | Review on the piggyBac system |
Cell. 122:473 (2005) | Efficient transposition of the piggyBac (PB) transposon in mammalian cells and mice |
Science. 268:1766-9 (1995) | Development of rtTA. |
J Gene Med. 1:4-12 (1999) | Development of tTS. |
我們的Tet-On誘導(dǎo)型基因表達(dá)載體旨在—當(dāng)缺乏四環(huán)素時(shí),實(shí)現(xiàn)目的基因的幾乎或完全沉默;當(dāng)往體系中添加四環(huán)素時(shí),目的基因得到快速高水平表達(dá)。我們的PiggyBac誘導(dǎo)表達(dá)載體系統(tǒng)以及其輔助質(zhì)粒已經(jīng)過(guò)優(yōu)化,其在大腸桿菌中具有高拷貝復(fù)制能力,且對(duì)細(xì)胞具有高效轉(zhuǎn)染率。
類(lèi)似開(kāi)關(guān)的嚴(yán)格基因表達(dá)調(diào)控:只依賴(lài)rtTA的Tet-on系統(tǒng)在沒(méi)有誘導(dǎo)劑的情況下,會(huì)有明顯的泄露表達(dá)。我們的Tet-On基因表達(dá)載體可嚴(yán)格調(diào)控基因的表達(dá),在沒(méi)有誘導(dǎo)劑的情況下可將背景泄露表達(dá)最小化,并保持該系統(tǒng)對(duì)四環(huán)素誘導(dǎo)的高靈敏度。
外源基因的永久整合:常規(guī)質(zhì)粒轉(zhuǎn)染只能實(shí)現(xiàn)外源基因的瞬時(shí)表達(dá),這種外源基因會(huì)隨著宿主細(xì)胞的分裂而不斷丟失,在快速分裂的細(xì)胞中顯得尤為顯著。相反,將PiggyBac轉(zhuǎn)座子載體和輔助質(zhì)粒一起轉(zhuǎn)染到哺乳動(dòng)物細(xì)胞中,由于轉(zhuǎn)座子在轉(zhuǎn)座酶的作用下,目的基因能穩(wěn)定地整合到宿主細(xì)胞的染色體中,從而實(shí)現(xiàn)轉(zhuǎn)座子載體上攜帶的目的基因在宿主細(xì)胞中永久表達(dá)。
技術(shù)簡(jiǎn)單:常規(guī)轉(zhuǎn)染即可把質(zhì)粒轉(zhuǎn)入細(xì)胞,相比起病毒載體需要進(jìn)行病毒包裝,過(guò)程更簡(jiǎn)單。
載體容量非常大:我們的載體總?cè)萘靠蛇_(dá)30 kb,其中質(zhì)粒骨架和Tet-On元件只占4.6 kb,有足夠大的容量可以放置客戶(hù)所感興趣的序列。
轉(zhuǎn)染細(xì)胞類(lèi)型受限:PiggyBac載體進(jìn)入細(xì)胞依賴(lài)于轉(zhuǎn)染。不同類(lèi)型的細(xì)胞,其轉(zhuǎn)染效率差異非常大。非分裂細(xì)胞通常比分裂細(xì)胞更難轉(zhuǎn)染,原代細(xì)胞比永生化細(xì)胞更難轉(zhuǎn)染,一些重要的細(xì)胞類(lèi)型轉(zhuǎn)染難度更大,如神經(jīng)元和胰島β細(xì)胞。另外,質(zhì)粒轉(zhuǎn)染主要局限于體外應(yīng)用,很少應(yīng)用于體內(nèi)實(shí)驗(yàn)(但可以應(yīng)用于轉(zhuǎn)基因動(dòng)物模型制備)。以上因素在一定程度上制約了PiggyBac系統(tǒng)的應(yīng)用。
5' ITR: 5' inverted terminal repeat. When a DNA sequence is flanked by two ITRs, the piggyBac transpose can recognize them, and insert the flanked region including the two ITRs into the host genome.
TRE promoter: Tetracycline-responsive element promoter (2nd generation). This element can be regulated by a class of transcription factors (e.g. tTA, rtTA and tTS) whose activities are dependent on tetracycline or its analogs (e.g. doxycycline).
Kozak: Kozak consensus sequence. It is placed in front of the start codon of the ORF of interest to facilitate translation initiation in eukaryotes.
ORF: The open reading frame of your gene of interest is placed here.
rBG pA: Rabbit beta-globin polyadenylation signal. It facilitates transcription termination of the upstream ORF.
Promoter: The promoter chosen to drive expression of the tTS/rtTA cassette.
tTS: Tetracycline-controlled transcriptional silencer. This protein binds to TRE promoter to actively suppress gene transcription only in the absence of tetracycline and its analogs (e.g. doxycycline).
T2A: Self-cleaving 2A peptide from thosea asigna virus that allows multiple proteins to be made from a polycistronic transcript containing multiple ORFs separated by T2A. The cleavage occurs through a putative “ribosomal skipping” mechanism.
rtTA: Reverse tetracycline responsive transcriptional activator M2 (2nd generation). This protein binds to TRE promoter to activate gene transcription only in the presence of tetracycline or its analogs (e.g. doxycycline). It has higher sensitivity to the inducing drug and lower leaky activity in the absence of the drug compared to its predecessor.
SV40 late pA: Simian virus 40 late polyadenylation signal. It facilitates transcriptional termination of the tTS/rtTA cassette.
3' ITR: 3' inverted terminal repeat.
Ampicillin: Ampicillin resistance gene. It allows the plasmid to be maintained by ampicillin selection in E. coli.
pUC ori: pUC origin of replication. Plasmids carrying this origin exist in high copy numbers in E. coli.